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1. Introduction

MineSDG provides tools to explore and retrieve official Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator data from the United Nations SDG API.

The package includes:

  • Metadata exploration
  • Indicator validation
  • Country-level data retrieval
  • Optional data persistence
  • Session-level metadata caching

2. SDG Analytics Layer

Listing SDG Indicators

To view all indicators:

To list indicators under a specific goal:


Validating Indicators

Goal consistency validation:

validate_sdg_indicator("15.3.1", goal = 15)

Fetching Data for a Single Indicator

dt <- fetch_sdg_country_data(
  indicator = "15.3.1",
  country = "IND",
  year_range = c(2015, 2020)
)

head(dt)

Fetching All Indicators Under a Goal

dt_goal <- fetch_sdg_country_data(
  goal = 15,
  country = "IND",
  year_range = c(2015, 2020)
)

head(dt_goal)

Saving Data

fetch_sdg_country_data(
  indicator = "15.3.1",
  country = "IND",
  year_range = c(2015, 2020),
  save = TRUE
)

Files are saved under:

./data/sdg_downloads/

Advanced Analytics

MineSDG 0.2.0 expands the package beyond data retrieval into a complete SDG analytics engine.

The following analytical layers are now available:

  • Trend analysis
  • Stability and volatility diagnostics
  • Benchmark comparison
  • Convergence testing
  • Executive-ready narrative generation
  • Visualization utilities

Trend Analysis

trend <- analyze_sdg_trend(dt)
trend

This function computes:

  • Absolute change
  • Percent change
  • CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate)
  • Linear trend slope
  • Trend direction (Increasing / Decreasing / Stable)

Stability & Volatility Diagnostics

stability <- compute_sdg_stability(dt)
stability

Includes:

  • Standard deviation
  • Coefficient of variation
  • Volatility index
  • Stability classification

These metrics are especially useful for ESG risk evaluation and operational performance diagnostics.


Benchmarking Performance

benchmark <- benchmark_sdg_performance(dt)
benchmark

Outputs:

  • Deviation from benchmark
  • Percent gap
  • Z-score
  • Ranking
  • Performance category (Strong / Moderate / Weak)

Convergence Analysis

convergence <- analyze_sdg_convergence(dt)
convergence

This tests beta-convergence across countries, helping assess whether lagging countries are catching up in SDG performance.


Executive Summary Generation

summary_text <- generate_sdg_executive_summary(trend, benchmark)
cat(summary_text)

Produces narrative, board-ready interpretation suitable for:

  • ESG reports
  • Policy briefs
  • Academic summaries
  • Strategic reviews

Visualization Layer

MineSDG includes publication-ready visualization tools:

All plots use ggplot2 (optional dependency) and follow minimal, publication-ready styling.


3. Mining-Sector Interpretation Layer

MineSDG now includes a sector-specific interpretation layer tailored for mining sustainability analytics.

This enables translation of SDG indicators into mining-relevant sustainability domains, relevance scoring, and strategic narrative interpretation.


Mapping SDG to Mining Domains

map_sdg_to_mining_domain(indicator = "15.3.1")

Example output:

  • Goal: 15
  • Domain: Biodiversity & Land
  • Relevance Score: 5
  • Narrative: Land degradation, rehabilitation, and biodiversity restoration are core mining sustainability metrics.

Domain Categories

The following mining sustainability domains are currently defined:

  • Climate & Energy
  • Water & Resource Efficiency
  • Biodiversity & Land
  • Community & Social Impact
  • Governance & Institutions
  • Economic Development
  • Health & Safety
  • Education & Workforce

This layer enables sector-aware ESG analytics beyond generic SDG evaluation.


Mining Risk Engine

dt <- fetch_sdg_country_data(indicator = "15.3.1", country = "IND")
generate_mining_risk_profile(dt, indicator = "15.3.1")

Mining Risk Profiling

  • Indicator-level risk scoring
  • Trend + volatility + benchmark integration
  • Domain relevance scoring

Example:

risk_profile <- generate_mining_risk_profile(
  data = dt,
  indicator = "15.3.1"
)

risk_profile

Composite Mining ESG Index

index <- generate_mining_esg_index(
  data = dt_multi,
  indicators = c("6.4.1", "13.2.2", "15.3.1"),
  weighting_method = "domain_weighted"
)

index

Plot Mining ESG Index


Summary

MineSDG now supports a full analytical workflow:

Data Retrieval → Trend Diagnostics → Stability Analysis → Benchmarking → Convergence Testing → Executive Reporting → Visualization

This positions MineSDG as a research-grade SDG analytics framework suitable for:

  • ESG reporting
  • Policy evaluation
  • Academic research
  • Mining-sector sustainability assessment